Fluoride

Fluoride is a halogen, that is being used widely in the field of dentistry. It is a mineral found in our bones and teeth. It naturally occurs in the following:

·         water

·         soil

·         plants

·         rocks

·         air

Fluoride is used in dentistry to strengthen enamel (the outer layer of your teeth). It is also used in medical imaging techniques, cleaning agents, pesticides, etc. Dental caries is prevented by the usage of fluoride. As it is the most common dental problem faced by all age groups of the society. Fluoride can be used in various ways, such as in the form of tablets, drops, etc. It can be added in milk, water, salt, etc. Community water fluoridation programs are there, which helps in the fluoridation of water on a large scale. It acts as a DOUBLE EDGED SWORD. If used in recommended values then it is the beneficiary for the society, but it can be toxic in case of overdose.According to studies, it has been seen that there are various side effects of fluoride too. Some of the side effects include acute and chronic fluorosis.



Acute fluorosis leads to GIT (gastrointestinal) symptoms such as, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, etc, which may at times lead to death. Fluoride can be lethal if consumed in higher quantities. The considered lethal dose is 35-70 mg/kg of body weight.

 A smaller amount of fluoride taken for a longer duration can lead to chronic fluorosis. The mineralized tissues such as dental and skeletal tissues are affected in cases of chronic fluorosis.

Dental fluorosis-It occurs when during the tooth development stage (until 5 years) excessive intake of fluoride takes place. It leads to lusterless, mottled enamel.



Skeletal fluorosis-It occurs when 20-80 mg/day for 10-20 years is taken. The most vulnerable groups are pregnant, lactating mothers, children. In severe skeletal fluorosis, the spine becomes rigid and joints become stiffer, ultimately causing immobilization.